Proper Laboratory Sample Handling: A Practical Guide
Why Your Treatment of Samples Matters Before You Start Testing
The preanalytical phase generally refers to the steps that precede analysis. These practices include patient preparation, specimen collection, identification, transport and preparation for testing.
Problems at these stages can impact sample quality. Examples include inadequate volume, contamination and haemolysis, which may lead to recollection, delays and difficulties in interpretation of results. The BD guide on specimen management lists collection, storage and transport as connected factors impacting on sample quality.
Appropriate handling does not guarantee an accurate result. However, the laboratory benefits from receiving a specimen that meets the requirements of the test for which it is intended.
Select the Correct Specimen Collection Container
The testing process is not just a vessel for moving material but a specimen container.
The product required may vary depending on the specimen, test method, additive, sterility requirement and transport conditions. Even if the capacity of the container is correct, it can be wrong if other specifications are wrong.
Select sample collection supplies that indicate the specific product required by the receiving laboratory. Do not replace with a similar-looking tube or container without approval.
Blood collection tubes: examine the additive and labelled specifications, not just the colour of the cap. Confirm if a preservative, transport medium or special sterile container is required for other specimens.
These checks put the laboratory’s collection requirements into practice and give the procurement teams a clear specification to order.
Maintain a Link Between Patient Identification and Specimen Labelling
If the identity of a sample is unknown, even a well-collected sample becomes problematic.
Patient Identification: Follow the facility-approved process for patient identification. Label specimens at the point of collection in the presence of the patient when applicable. Verify that the identifiers on the specimen match the request or electronic order prior to release.
Depending on laboratory requirements, the label and accompanying information may need to record collection date and time, specimen type, collection site or collector details.
In the sample-management process, WHO guidance indicates patient identification, collection documentation and post-collection labelling.
If a mismatch is found, follow the resolution process as documented in the lab. Guessing the identity or informally changing a label may add further uncertainty.
Preventing Sample Contamination
Contamination may occur during collection, closure, transfer or other handling. Such contamination can be prevented by using the correct technique for the specimen concerned.
Before you start, prepare the area and gather the supplies you will need. Protect the inside of containers and their closures, and avoid unnecessary opening of or transfer between them.
Where patients are collecting their own specimens, provide clear, test-specific instructions. A quick explanation of what to collect, what container to use and how to return it can save avoidable mistakes.
Explicit elements of WHO’s recommended sample-management documentation include patient preparation and collection instructions.
Why Should You Choose Elumia Med Store?
Elumia Med Store issues laboratory purchasing guidance for blood collection tubes, urine collection products and laboratory accessories. These topics allow buyers to identify specifications and handling considerations to review before ordering.
When asking for supplies, provide your approved product requirements, intended specimen types, pack quantities and estimated consumption. Please ask for the relevant specs and check on current availability before finalising the purchase.
Final Thoughts
Effective laboratory work begins long before the specimen reaches the analyser. Correct identification, appropriate containers, careful collection, and controlled storage and transport maintain the quality of the sample throughout the process.
Provide staff with staff clear, specific test guidance. Use recurring handling problems to improve training, handover and procurement. Combined, these steps support a more reliable laboratory workflow and reduce preventable recollection and delays.